Host entity

Bos taurus

Rankspecies NCBI Taxon: 9913

Recent evidence findings

Research Brief · Past 3 months 27

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14 literature 5 viruses 3 countries
Publication date Type Key finding PMID
2026-06-05 Host Range Experiment Experimental intramammary infection of Jersey cows with H5N1 genotype B3.13 demonstrated that this avian influenza strain can infect bovine mammary tissue and induce distinct immune responses. 42249592
2026-06 Zoonotic Surveillance Environmental surveillance of cattle systems detected bovine coronavirus and other viral species, supporting the utility of aggregated manure and air samples for One Health monitoring of zoonotic risk. 41695450
2026-06 Spillover Event Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 of clade 2.3.4.4b spilled over from wild birds to dairy cattle in the United States in early 2024. 41819722
2026-06 Cross Species Transmission BVDV-1a pestivirus detected in sheep and goats was phylogenetically closely related to Turkish cattle strains, supporting cross-species transmission between cattle and small ruminants. 41917271
2026-06 Reservoir Ecology Livestock environmental samples showed ecological patterns of viral detection, with seasonality and sample-type differences indicating reservoirs and interfaces for enteric and respiratory viruses across swine and cattle systems. 41695450
2026-05-24 Host Range Experiment Experimental inoculation of lactating dairy cattle with influenza A(H5N1) B3.13 genotype virus established robust infection and high-titer viral shedding in milk at doses as low as 10 TCID50. 42177170
2026-05-17 Cross Species Transmission Genetically related BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and HoBi-like pestiviruses co-circulated between cattle and water buffalo in mixed herds, providing evidence of interspecies transmission. 42161068
2026-05-17 Zoonotic Surveillance BVDV seropositivity and active infections were detected in both cattle and water buffalo across multiple mixed herds in Bangladesh, suggesting widespread circulation in the bovine reservoir community. 42161068
2026-05 Spillover Event HPAIV H5N1 was confirmed in unpasteurized milk from affected dairy cows in Texas and New Mexico, indicating avian-to-cattle transmission. 41703951
2026-05 Outbreak Investigation Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 was confirmed in unpasteurized milk from affected dairy cows during an outbreak investigation in the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico in March–April 2024. 41703951
2026-04-28 Zoonotic Surveillance Field surveillance from 2011–2020 detected influenza D virus in cattle, providing isolates later used for zoonotic assessment. 42008667
2026-04-28 Cross Species Transmission Influenza D virus circulates in both swine and cattle, indicating cross-species transmission between these livestock hosts. 42008667
2026-04-21 Spillover Event A human influenza A(H5N1) infection occurred in association with an H5N1 outbreak among dairy cattle in the United States, providing evidence of animal-to-human spillover. 42043271
2026-04-21 Outbreak Investigation An avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States during 2024 was associated with 70 human cases linked to animal-to-human transmission events. 42043271
2026-04-21 Zoonotic Surveillance Genomic surveillance using next-generation sequencing was conducted during the influenza A(H5N1) outbreak linked to dairy cattle in the United States to track outbreak evolution and monitor zoonotic transmission risks. 42043271
2026-04-07 Host Range Experiment Bovine embryonic fibroblasts were susceptible to a recently circulating 2022 H1N1pdm09-like influenza A virus but resistant to the original 2009 H1N1pdm09 strain, indicating differential host susceptibility among H1N1 lineages. 41728991
2026-04-07 Host Range Experiment Bovine embryonic fibroblasts supported replication of bovine-origin highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strains, demonstrating these cells’ susceptibility and providing an in vitro model for studying cross-species influenza infection. 41728991
2026-04-07 Cross Species Transmission HPAI H5N1 strains of avian origin can infect bovine cells, demonstrating potential cross-species transmission from birds to cattle. 41728991
2026-04-07 Receptor Usage Bovine embryonic fibroblasts express predominantly α-2,3 sialic acid receptors relative to α-2,6, consistent with receptor patterns mediating avian influenza virus binding and entry. 41728991
2026-04-01 Spillover Event Influenza A(H5N1) genotype B3.13 viruses originating from cattle caused mild infections in humans, representing an animal-to-human spillover event. 41922194
2026-04 Spillover Event Bovine-origin HPAI A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have recently undergone increased zoonotic spillover to humans. 42064832
2026-04-01 Genomic Evolution Whole-genome and phylodynamic analyses showed that H5N1 genotype D1.1 spilled over from wild birds into dairy cattle in the United States and subsequently evolved more rapidly with signatures of positive selection in cattle. 41959054
2026-04-01 Genomic Evolution Whole-genome and phylodynamic analyses showed that H5N1 genotypes B3.13 and D1.1 spilled over from wild birds into dairy cattle in the United States and subsequently evolved more rapidly under relaxed purifying selection and positive selection in cattle. 41959054
2026-04-01 Spillover Event Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 genotypes B3.13 and D1.1 spilled over from wild birds into dairy cattle in the United States in late 2023 and late 2024. 41959054
2026-04 Zoonotic Surveillance Global genomic and epidemiological surveillance revealed increased zoonotic transmission of avian and bovine-origin HPAI A(H5) viruses to humans and underscores the need for ongoing monitoring. 42064832
2026-04-01 Zoonotic Surveillance Genomic surveillance was conducted in United States dairy cattle for H5N1 influenza viruses to monitor viral evolution and assess zoonotic risk. 41959054
2026-03 Cross Species Transmission H5N1 avian influenza virus has transmitted from avian hosts to cattle. 41531488
Research Brief · Past month 8

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6 literature 3 viruses 2 countries
Publication date Type Key finding PMID
2026-06-05 Host Range Experiment Experimental intramammary infection of Jersey cows with H5N1 genotype B3.13 demonstrated that this avian influenza strain can infect bovine mammary tissue and induce distinct immune responses. 42249592
2026-06 Zoonotic Surveillance Environmental surveillance of cattle systems detected bovine coronavirus and other viral species, supporting the utility of aggregated manure and air samples for One Health monitoring of zoonotic risk. 41695450
2026-06 Spillover Event Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 of clade 2.3.4.4b spilled over from wild birds to dairy cattle in the United States in early 2024. 41819722
2026-06 Cross Species Transmission BVDV-1a pestivirus detected in sheep and goats was phylogenetically closely related to Turkish cattle strains, supporting cross-species transmission between cattle and small ruminants. 41917271
2026-06 Reservoir Ecology Livestock environmental samples showed ecological patterns of viral detection, with seasonality and sample-type differences indicating reservoirs and interfaces for enteric and respiratory viruses across swine and cattle systems. 41695450
2026-05-24 Host Range Experiment Experimental inoculation of lactating dairy cattle with influenza A(H5N1) B3.13 genotype virus established robust infection and high-titer viral shedding in milk at doses as low as 10 TCID50. 42177170
2026-05 Spillover Event HPAIV H5N1 was confirmed in unpasteurized milk from affected dairy cows in Texas and New Mexico, indicating avian-to-cattle transmission. 41703951
2026-05 Outbreak Investigation Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 was confirmed in unpasteurized milk from affected dairy cows during an outbreak investigation in the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico in March–April 2024. 41703951
Research Brief · Past week 0

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0 literature 0 viruses 0 countries
Publication date Type Key finding PMID
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Linked viruses

Virus composition linked to this host

39 virus taxa

Geographic evidence

Evidence distribution by country

38 countries

Temporal evidence

Evidence dynamics by year

99 year-type groups

Publication output

Literature publications by month

283 months