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Co-Circulation and Excretion Dynamics of Diverse <i>Rubula</i>- and Related Viruses in Egyptian Rousette Bats from South Africa.

Marinda Mortlock1,2 Muriel Dietrich3 Jacqueline Weyer4,5 Janusz T Paweska6,7 Wanda Markotter8
Affiliations 8 institutions
  1. Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. [email protected].
  2. Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [email protected].
  3. UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion Island, France. [email protected].
  4. Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [email protected].
  5. Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa. [email protected].
  6. Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [email protected].
  7. Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa. [email protected].
  8. Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. [email protected].
PMID 30626055 2019 Viruses eng epublish
PubMed DOI Browse context

Article

Publication summary

The Egyptian rousette bat (<i>Rousettus aegyptiacus</i>) has previously been implicated as the natural host of a zoonotic rubulavirus; however, its association with rubulaviruses has been studied to a limited extent. Urine, spleen, and other organs collected from the <i>R. aegyptiacus</i> population within South Africa were tested with a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting a partial polymerase gene region of viruses from the <i>Avula</i>- and <i>Rubulavirus</i> genera. Urine was collected over a 14-month period to study the temporal dynamics of viral excretion. Diverse rubulaviruses, including viruses related to human mumps and parainfluenza virus 2, were detected. Active excretion was identified during two peak periods coinciding with the host reproductive cycle. Analysis of additional organs indicated co-infection of individual bats with a number of different putative rubulaviruses, highlighting the limitations of using a single sample type when determining viral presence and diversity. Our findings suggest that <i>R. aegyptiacus</i> can harbor a range of <i>Rubula</i>- and related viruses, some of which are related to known human pathogens. The observed peaks in viral excretion represents potential periods of a higher risk of virus transmission and zoonotic disease spill-over.

co-circulation Egyptian rousette bat excretion dynamics human mumps virus-related human parainfluenza virus-related paramyxovirus rubulavirus tissue distribution viral shedding Animals Avulavirus Avulavirus Infections Chiroptera Disease Reservoirs Egypt Longitudinal Studies Phylogeny Polymerase Chain Reaction

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

3 total
Genomic Evolution 1 records
Genomic Evolution Extraction confidence 0.70
Key finding

Partial polymerase gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple Rubulavirus and Avulavirus lineages in Egyptian rousette bats that are related to human mumps virus and parainfluenza virus 2.

Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Urine, spleen, and other organs collected from the R. aegyptiacus population within South Africa were tested with a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting a partial polymerase gene region of viruses from the Avula- and Rubulavirus genera. Diverse rubulaviruses, including viruses related to human mumps and parainfluenza virus 2, were detected. MeSH term: 'Phylogeny'.

Genes or proteins
polymerase gene
Analysis methods
RT-PCR; phylogenetic analysis
Reservoir Ecology 1 records
Reservoir Ecology Extraction confidence 0.90
Key finding

Egyptian rousette bats in South Africa harbor diverse Rubula- and related viruses, with viral excretion showing two seasonal peaks coinciding with reproductive cycles, indicating reservoir ecology and potential spillover periods.

Location
South Africa South Africa
Supporting text

Urine was collected over a 14-month period to study the temporal dynamics of viral excretion. Active excretion was identified during two peak periods coinciding with the host reproductive cycle. Our findings suggest that R. aegyptiacus can harbor a range of Rubula- and related viruses, some of which are related to known human pathogens.

Method
hemi-nested RT-PCR; longitudinal sampling
Sample type
urine; spleen; organs
Geographic raw
South Africa
Country inferred
South Africa
Zoonotic Surveillance 1 records
Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

Egyptian rousette bats in South Africa were longitudinally monitored via RT-PCR of urine and tissue samples, revealing active excretion and co-infection with diverse Rubula- and Avulaviruses related to human pathogens.

Location
South Africa South Africa
Supporting text

Urine, spleen, and other organs collected from the R. aegyptiacus population within South Africa were tested with a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting viruses from the Avula- and Rubulavirus genera. Urine was collected over a 14-month period to study the temporal dynamics of viral excretion.

Method
hemi-nested RT-PCR
Sample type
urine; spleen; organs
Geographic raw
South Africa
Country inferred
South Africa