Literature detail

Seroprevalence of three paramyxoviruses; Hendra virus, Tioman virus, Cedar virus and a rhabdovirus, Australian bat lyssavirus, in a range expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus).

Wayne S J Boardman¹ Michelle L Baker² Victoria Boyd² Gary Crameri² Grantley R Peck³ Terry Reardon⁴ Ian G Smith^1,5 Charles G B Caraguel¹ Thomas A A Prowse⁶

Affiliations 6 institutions

School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australia Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
South Australia Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Zoos South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

PMID 32374743 2020 PLoS One eng epublish

PubMed DOI Browse context

Article

Publication summary

Habitat-mediated global change is driving shifts in species' distributions which can alter the spatial risks associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens. Many emerging infectious pathogens are transmitted by highly mobile species, including bats, which can act as spill-over hosts for pathogenic viruses. Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Over six, biannual, sampling sessions, we quantified median florescent intensity (MFI) antibody levels for four viruses for a total of 297 individual bats using a multiplex Luminex binding assay. Where appropriate, florescence thresholds were determined using finite mixture modelling to classify bats' serological status. Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Hendra, Cedar and Tioman virus antigens was 43.2%, 26.6% and 95.7%, respectively. We used hurdle models to explore correlates of seropositivity and antibody levels when seropositive. Increased body condition was significantly associated with Hendra seropositivity (Odds ratio = 3.67; p = 0.002) and Hendra virus levels were significantly higher in pregnant females (p = 0.002). While most bats were seropositive for Tioman virus, antibody levels for this virus were significantly higher in adults (p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus. Temporal variation in antibody levels suggests that antibodies to Hendra virus and Tioman virus may wax and wane on a seasonal basis. These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.

Animals Chiroptera Female Hendra Virus Lyssavirus Male Reproduction Seroepidemiologic Studies

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

8 total

Serological Evidence 4 records

Serological Evidence Extraction confidence 1.00

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes showed 43.2% seroprevalence for antibodies to Hendra virus, supporting exposure among the bat population in South Australia.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Hendra virus antigens was 43.2%. Increased body condition was significantly associated with Hendra seropositivity (Odds ratio = 3.67; p = 0.002) and Hendra virus levels were significantly higher in pregnant females (p = 0.002).

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: serum

Serological Evidence Extraction confidence 1.00

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes exhibited 26.6% seroprevalence for antibodies to Cedar virus, indicating exposure within the bat colony.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Cedar virus antigens was 26.6%.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: serum

Serological Evidence Extraction confidence 1.00

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes showed very high (95.7%) seroprevalence to Tioman virus, indicating widespread prior exposure within the population.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Tioman virus antigens was 95.7%. While most bats were seropositive for Tioman virus, antibody levels for this virus were significantly higher in adults (p < 0.001).

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: serum

Serological Evidence Extraction confidence 1.00

Key finding

No antibodies to Australian bat lyssavirus were detected in Grey-headed flying foxes, indicating absence of serological evidence for exposure.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: serum

Zoonotic Surveillance 4 records

Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.95

Key finding

Serological surveillance detected antibodies to Hendra, Cedar, and Tioman viruses with varying seroprevalence in Grey-headed flying foxes from South Australia, while Australian bat lyssavirus antibodies were absent.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Over six, biannual, sampling sessions, we quantified median florescent intensity (MFI) antibody levels for four viruses for a total of 297 individual bats using a multiplex Luminex binding assay.

Method: serology; multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: blood; sera
Geographic raw: Adelaide, South Australia
Country inferred: Australia

Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.95

Key finding

High seroprevalence of antibodies to Tioman virus was found in Grey-headed flying foxes in South Australia, with stronger antibody levels in adults than juveniles.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: serology; multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: blood; sera
Geographic raw: Adelaide, South Australia
Country inferred: Australia

Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.90

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes exhibited moderate seroprevalence of Cedar virus antibodies in the South Australian camp.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: serology; multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: blood; sera
Geographic raw: Adelaide, South Australia
Country inferred: Australia

Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.90

Key finding

Serological surveillance found no evidence of antibodies to Australian bat lyssavirus in Grey-headed flying foxes from South Australia.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus.

Method: serology; multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: blood; sera
Geographic raw: Adelaide, South Australia
Country inferred: Australia

Citation context

References

63 references

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Evidence overview

Evidence 8

Types 2

Virus 4

Host 1

Evidence types

Serological Evidence 4 Zoonotic Surveillance 4

Linked entities

Viruses

Hosts

Locations

Publication metadata

Journal: PloS one
Volume / Issue / Pages: 15 / 5 / e0232339
ISSN: 1932-6203
Journal country: United States
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232339