Seroprevalence of three paramyxoviruses; Hendra virus, Tioman virus, Cedar virus and a rhabdovirus, Australian bat lyssavirus, in a range expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus).

Wayne S J Boardman¹ Michelle L Baker² Victoria Boyd² Gary Crameri² Grantley R Peck³ Terry Reardon⁴ Ian G Smith^1,5 Charles G B Caraguel¹ Thomas A A Prowse⁶

Affiliations 6 institutions

School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Australia Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
South Australia Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Zoos South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

PMID32374743 DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0232339 Year2020 Journal PloS one PLoS One Languageeng Statusepublish

Abstract

Habitat-mediated global change is driving shifts in species' distributions which can alter the spatial risks associated with emerging zoonotic pathogens. Many emerging infectious pathogens are transmitted by highly mobile species, including bats, which can act as spill-over hosts for pathogenic viruses. Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Over six, biannual, sampling sessions, we quantified median florescent intensity (MFI) antibody levels for four viruses for a total of 297 individual bats using a multiplex Luminex binding assay. Where appropriate, florescence thresholds were determined using finite mixture modelling to classify bats' serological status. Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Hendra, Cedar and Tioman virus antigens was 43.2%, 26.6% and 95.7%, respectively. We used hurdle models to explore correlates of seropositivity and antibody levels when seropositive. Increased body condition was significantly associated with Hendra seropositivity (Odds ratio = 3.67; p = 0.002) and Hendra virus levels were significantly higher in pregnant females (p = 0.002). While most bats were seropositive for Tioman virus, antibody levels for this virus were significantly higher in adults (p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus. Temporal variation in antibody levels suggests that antibodies to Hendra virus and Tioman virus may wax and wane on a seasonal basis. These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.

Supporting text Virus Host Location

Animals 1948 Chiroptera 371 Female 289 Hendra Virus 39 Lyssavirus 11 Male 224 Reproduction 2 Seroepidemiologic Studies 113

Evidence records

7 total

Zoonotic Surveillance

7 records · 2 evidence types

Evidence type Serological Evidence

4 records

OVE3773 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes in Adelaide, South Australia showed 43.2% apparent seroprevalence of antibodies to Hendra virus antigens.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Overall, apparent seroprevalence of antibodies directed at Hendra, Cedar and Tioman virus antigens was 43.2%, 26.6% and 95.7%, respectively.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: sera

OVE3774 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes in Adelaide, South Australia showed 26.6% apparent seroprevalence of antibodies to Cedar virus antigens.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: sera

OVE3775 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Grey-headed flying foxes in Adelaide, South Australia showed 95.7% apparent seroprevalence of antibodies to Tioman virus antigens.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: sera

OVE3776 Serological Evidence

Key finding

All sera from Grey-headed flying foxes in Adelaide, South Australia tested negative for Australian bat lyssavirus antibodies.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Over three years, we investigated the seroepidemiology of paramyxoviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus in a range-expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus), in a new camp in Adelaide, South Australia. Unexpectedly, all sera were negative for Australian bat lyssavirus.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay
Sample type: sera

Evidence type Reservoir Ecology

3 records

OVE3777 Reservoir Ecology

Key finding

Serological patterns indicate circulation and common exposure to Hendra virus among Grey-headed flying foxes in a camp in South Australia.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay | finite mixture modeling | hurdle models
Sample type: sera
Geographic raw: South Australia

OVE3778 Reservoir Ecology

Key finding

Serological evidence implies ongoing exposure and circulation of Tioman virus among Grey-headed flying foxes in South Australia.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay | finite mixture modeling | hurdle models
Sample type: sera
Geographic raw: South Australia

OVE3779 Reservoir Ecology

Key finding

Serological findings indicate circulation and maintenance of Cedar virus in Grey-headed flying foxes in South Australia.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

These findings suggest a common exposure to Hendra virus and other paramyxoviruses in this flying fox camp in South Australia.

Method: multiplex Luminex binding assay | finite mixture modeling | hurdle models
Sample type: sera
Geographic raw: South Australia

References

63 references

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Evidence overview

Evidence 7

Categories 1

Types 2

Virus 4

Host 1

Country 1

Host context

Natural host 7

Evidence categories

Linked entities

Viruses

Hosts

gray-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus

Locations

Publication metadata

Journal: PloS one
Volume / Issue / Pages: 15 / 5 / e0232339
ISSN: 1932-6203
Journal country: United States
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232339