First report of a pseudorabies virus in porcupines: Genomic characterization of a recombinant strain and safety assessment of the Bartha-K61 vaccine.

Nana Yan1 Jingru Xu2,3 Lin Zheng4 Sisi Fan2,5 Hui Guo2,6 Yue Qi7 Xinling Lai8 Yaoming You9 Kaixin Zhang10 Jingxue Liu11 Jiankui Liu12 Ailing Dai13 Kaixiong Lin14 Kewei Fan15
Affiliations 15 institutions
  1. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China
  3. College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  4. Shanghang County Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  5. College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  6. College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  7. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  8. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  9. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  10. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  11. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  12. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  13. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  14. Fujian Meihuashan South China Tiger Breeding and Research Institute, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
  15. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Livestock Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Fujian, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
Active Last checked 2026-10-09 03:30:37 Source: NCBI PubMed

Abstract

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that has garnered increasing attention owing to its capacity of cross-species transmission. Here, we describe a PRV infection in porcupines and report, for the first time, the isolation, identification, pathogenicity, and genetic characterization of a porcupine PRV strain, designated FJ/porcupine/2018. During this porcupine PRV infection, the use of attenuated Bartha-K61 vaccine resulted in widespread mortality on this farm. Therefore, this study further evaluates the safety profile of Bartha-K61 in porcupines, demonstrating its high pathogenicity to this species. These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing surveillance and the development of wildlife-specific vaccines or broadly protective intervention strategies against this economically significant and evolving pathogen.

Supporting text Virus Host Location
Cross-species transmission 81 Porcupines 2 Pseudorabies virus (PRV) 1 Vaccine 7 Virus characterization 1 Virus isolation 9 Herpesvirus 1, Suid 6 Porcupines 2 Pseudorabies 6 Pseudorabies Vaccines 1 Animals 1981 Genome, Viral 324 Phylogeny 826 Vaccines, Attenuated 6

Evidence records

3 total
Zoonotic Surveillance
1 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type
1 records
OVE12093
Key finding

A porcupine-derived Pseudorabies virus strain (FJ/porcupine/2018) was isolated and identified from infected porcupines.

Virus
Host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

we describe a PRV infection in porcupines and report, for the first time, the isolation, identification, pathogenicity, and genetic characterization of a porcupine PRV strain, designated FJ/porcupine/2018.

Experimental Infection
1 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type
1 records
OVE12094
Key finding

The attenuated Bartha-K61 PRV vaccine was experimentally assessed in porcupines and found to be highly pathogenic, with safety testing demonstrating high pathogenicity in this species.

Virus
Host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Therefore, this study further evaluates the safety profile of Bartha-K61 in porcupines, demonstrating its high pathogenicity to this species.

Method
vaccine safety evaluation in porcupines | pathogenicity assessment
Experimental system
porcupine animal model (vaccine safety/pathogenicity assessment)
Genomic Evolution
1 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type
1 records
OVE12095
Key finding

The porcupine PRV strain FJ/porcupine/2018 underwent genomic characterization and was identified as a recombinant pseudorabies virus.

Virus
Host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

First report of a pseudorabies virus in porcupines: Genomic characterization of a recombinant strain

Analysis methods
genomic characterization | recombinant strain identification