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Literature detail

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru.

Mariana Leguia1,2 Alejandra Garcia-Glaessner3,4 Breno Muñoz-Saavedra3,4 Diana Juarez3,4 Patricia Barrera3,4 Carlos Calvo-Mac4 Javier Jara5 Walter Silva5 Karl Ploog5 Lady Amaro5 Paulo Colchao-Claux6 Christine K Johnson4,7 Marcela M Uhart4,7 Martha I Nelson8 Jesus Lescano5
Affiliations 8 institutions
  1. Laboratorio de Genómica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Lima, Peru. [email protected].
  2. EpiCenter for Emerging Infectious Disease Intelligence, Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Lima, Peru. [email protected].
  3. Laboratorio de Genómica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Lima, Peru.
  4. EpiCenter for Emerging Infectious Disease Intelligence, Centers for Research in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Lima, Peru.
  5. Servicio Nacional Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre (SERFOR), Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Perú, Lima, Peru.
  6. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) - Perú, Lima, Peru.
  7. One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  8. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
PMID 37679333 2023 Nat Commun eng epublish
PubMed DOI Browse context

Article

Publication summary

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 viruses (lineage 2.3.4.4b) are rapidly invading the Americas, threatening wildlife, poultry, and potentially evolving into the next global pandemic. In November 2022 HPAI arrived in Peru, triggering massive pelican and sea lion die-offs. We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 in five species of marine mammals and seabirds (dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans and cormorants). Peruvian viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they are 4:4 reassortants where 4 genomic segments (PA, HA, NA and MP) position within the Eurasian lineage that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while the other 4 genomic segments (PB2, PB1, NP and NS) position within the American lineage (clade C) that circulated in North America. These viruses are rapidly accruing mutations, including mutations of concern, that warrant further examination and highlight an urgent need for active local surveillance to manage outbreaks and limit spillover into other species, including humans.

Caniformia Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza in Birds Influenza, Human Animals Birds Cetacea Humans Peru

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

5 total
Cross Species Transmission 1 records
Cross Species Transmission Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

HPAI H5N1 viruses were detected across multiple non-human species, including seabirds and marine mammals in Peru, showing interspecies transmission among wild animals.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Mammalia Aves
Location
Peru Peru
Supporting text

We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 in five species of marine mammals and seabirds (dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans and cormorants).

Method
genomic characterization; sequencing
Study design
genomic characterization
Transmission direction
animal-to-animal
Geographic raw
Peru
Country inferred
Peru
Genomic Evolution 1 records
Genomic Evolution Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

Genomic characterization showed that HPAI H5N1 viruses from Peruvian marine mammals and seabirds are 4:4 reassortants combining Eurasian and American lineage genomic segments.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 in five species of marine mammals and seabirds (dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans and cormorants). Peruvian viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they are 4:4 reassortants where 4 genomic segments (PA, HA, NA and MP) position within the Eurasian lineage while the other 4 segments (PB2, PB1, NP and NS) position within the American lineage (clade C).

Genes or proteins
PA; HA; NA; MP; PB2; PB1; NP; NS
Analysis methods
genomic characterization; phylogenetic analysis
Molecular Adaptation 1 records
Molecular Adaptation Extraction confidence 0.80
Key finding

H5N1 viruses detected in marine mammals and seabirds in Peru are Eurasian-American reassortants showing ongoing accumulation of mutations of concern, suggesting molecular adaptation.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Not specified
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Peruvian viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they are 4:4 reassortants where 4 genomic segments (PA, HA, NA and MP) position within the Eurasian lineage ... These viruses are rapidly accruing mutations, including mutations of concern.

Genes or proteins
PA; HA; NA; MP; PB2; PB1; NP; NS
Mechanism types
reassortment; mutation_accumulation; molecular_adaptation
Recombination Or Reassortment 1 records
Recombination Or Reassortment Extraction confidence 0.97
Key finding

H5N1 viruses detected in Peruvian marine mammals and seabirds are 4:4 reassortants combining genomic segments from Eurasian and American lineages.

Virus
IAV IAV IAV H5N1
Host
Not specified
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Peruvian viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b, but they are 4:4 reassortants where 4 genomic segments (PA, HA, NA and MP) position within the Eurasian lineage that initially entered North America from Eurasia, while the other 4 genomic segments (PB2, PB1, NP and NS) position within the American lineage (clade C) that circulated in North America.

Event type
reassortment
Genes or segments
PA; HA; NA; MP; PB2; PB1; NP; NS
Zoonotic Surveillance 1 records
Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

Genomic surveillance detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in Peruvian marine mammals and seabirds including dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans, and cormorants.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Mammalia Aves
Location
Peru Peru
Supporting text

We report genomic characterization of HPAI/H5N1 in five species of marine mammals and seabirds (dolphins, sea lions, sanderlings, pelicans and cormorants).

Method
genomic characterization
Geographic raw
Peru
Country inferred
Peru