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Literature detail

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022.

Elizabeth J Elsmo Arno Wünschmann Kimberlee B Beckmen Liam E Broughton-Neiswanger Elizabeth L Buckles Jayne Ellis Scott D Fitzgerald Robert Gerlach Shawna Hawkins Hon S Ip Julia S Lankton Erin M Lemley Julianna B Lenoch Mary L Killian Kristina Lantz Lindsey Long Roger Maes Marta Mainenti Julie Melotti Megan E Moriarty Shotaro Nakagun Rachel M Ruden Valerie Shearn-Bochsler Danielle Thompson Mia K Torchetti Arnaud J Van Wettere Annabel G Wise Ailam L Lim
PMID 37987580 2023 Emerg Infect Dis eng ppublish
PubMed DOI Browse context

Article

Publication summary

We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

avian influenza bobcat clade 2.3.4.4b coyote fisher fox highly pathogenic avian influenza virus influenza influenza A(H5N1) meningitis/encephalitis opossum raccoon respiratory infections skunk United States viruses wild terrestrial mammals zoonoses

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

3 total
Cross Species Transmission 1 records
Cross Species Transmission Extraction confidence 0.90
Key finding

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses spilled over from wild birds to multiple wild terrestrial mammal species in the United States during 2022.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Mammalia Aves
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

Method
genotype analysis; pathology
Study design
field surveillance
Transmission direction
animal-to-animal
Geographic raw
United States
Country inferred
United States
Genomic Evolution 1 records
Genomic Evolution Extraction confidence 0.70
Key finding

Sequence genotype analysis of mammalian H5N1 isolates showed they derived from wild bird clade 2.3.4.4b strains, indicating avian-to-mammal spillover at a genomic level.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Mammalia
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

Analysis methods
genotype analysis
Spillover Event 1 records
Spillover Event Extraction confidence 0.98
Key finding

Wild terrestrial mammals, including foxes, skunks, raccoons, bobcats, opossums, coyotes, fishers, and gray foxes, were infected by A(H5N1) virus in a spillover event from wild birds in the United States during 2022.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Mammalia Aves
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

Method
genotype analysis; pathology
Study design
field surveillance
Transmission direction
animal-to-human
Geographic raw
United States
Country inferred
United States