Recent evidence findings
Synthesizing linked evidence and source literature...
Generating an evidence-grounded brief with GPT-5... AI-assisted synthesis grounded in linked OVE records and source literature. Verify details against the cited evidence.
25 source articles
13 hosts
7 countries
| Publication date | Category / type | Key finding | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-10 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | H5TX Q226L binds human-type receptors but requires additional mutations to bind human tracheal tissue in tissue-based assays. | 42573239 |
| 2026-08-03 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | During the 2023 HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Chubut, Argentina, 3 South American sea lions and 1 southern elephant seal stranded and were investigated, with HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b confirmed by PCR and sequencing. | 42548173 |
| 2026-08 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Recent sequence analysis shows high variation at PA/PA-X site 94 in H5N1 and H7N9, with the PA-X I94V mutation becoming prevalent in recent human H7N9 viruses. | 42090884 |
| 2026-08 | Functional Mechanism Molecular Adaptation | Patient-derived H5N1 HA mutations E190D and Q226H abolish receptor binding and thus hinder molecular adaptation toward human-type receptor specificity. | 42139887 |
| 2026-07-28 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Neutralizing antibodies to H5N1 were detected in 3 of 12 domestic cats sampled within 2 km of dairy farms in California, USA. | 42520787 |
| 2026-07-28 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Among domestic cats in California, proximity to dairy farms was a significant ecological risk factor associated with H5N1 seropositivity. | 42520787 |
| 2026-07-26 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | Emerging H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b binds human MHC-II HLA-DR and can mediate sialic acid–independent cell entry, unlike historical H5 lineages. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-26 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin binds human MHC-II (HLA-DR) and enables sialic acid–independent entry, with binding to primary human immune cells varying by MHC-II expression and HLA-DR allele. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-26 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b is reported as causing a multi-species outbreak affecting wild birds, poultry, multiple mammalian species, and humans. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-21 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | HPAI H5N1 viral RNA was detected in organ samples from domestic and wild birds in Romania (2017–2024) using real-time RT-PCR, with subsequent sequencing of PB1 and PB2 fragments. | 42515095 |
| 2026-07-21 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Romanian H5N1 isolates cluster within Eurasian H5N1 lineages and are closely related to contemporary strains from Eastern Europe and Russia. | 42515095 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Intramammary exposure to bovine-derived H5N1 causes productive infection in lactating sows despite prior vaccination. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | Intramammary inoculation with influenza A(H5N1) in lactating sows caused mammary lesions and antigen-positive tissue with sustained viral RNA in milk but no overt clinical disease or respiratory involvement. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Viral RNA from influenza A(H5N1) was detected and shed persistently in the milk of intramammarily inoculated lactating sows. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | In experimentally inoculated lactating sows, neutralizing antibody responses against influenza A(H5N1) developed, indicating immune exposure. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Experimental Transmission | Piglets co-housed with intramammary-inoculated lactating sows showed sporadic oral viral RNA positivity that mirrored milk viral kinetics, indicating limited vertical transmission to piglets. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-12 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | H5N1 infections were reported in wild birds across South America, with detections spanning 104 species in 10 of 11 reporting countries/territories. | 42515616 |
| 2026-07-12 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | H5N1 outbreaks were detected in marine mammals in South America, with South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) the most reported species. | 42515616 |
| 2026-07-12 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | Over 6 million domestic birds were lost in South America during H5N1 HPAI outbreaks, mostly from commercial operations. | 42515616 |
| 2026-07-12 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | H5N1 HPAI detections expanded into Antarctica in 2024, affecting Antarctic bird species. | 42515616 |
| 2026-07-12 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Phylogenetic and time-calibrated genomic analyses of H5N1 in the Southern Hemisphere indicate multiple introductions with regional diversification and signals of repeated cross-species spillover. | 42515616 |
| 2026-07-10 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | HPAI H5N1 was identified in a Wisconsin dairy herd in December 2025 through the National Milk Testing Strategy. | 42429628 |
| 2026-07-10 | Zoonotic Surveillance Virus Isolation | Infectious HPAI H5N1 virus (WI5743-H5N1) was recovered following blind passage in embryonated chicken eggs. | 42429628 |
| 2026-07-08 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 replicates with high fitness in cattle mammary organoids, indicating strong mammary tropism. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-08 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Human sera contain N1 antibodies that cross-neutralize clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and ancestral H5N1-VN1194 in an organoid-based neutralization assay. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-08 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 replicates robustly in cattle airway organoids. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-08 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Human airway and nasal organoids are highly susceptible to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-08 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Cross-neutralizing activity in human sera is enhanced after seasonal influenza vaccination in the organoid-based assay. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-08 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Depletion of N1-specific antibodies from human sera diminishes cross-neutralization against H5N1 in the organoid-based assay. | 42420291 |
| 2026-07-07 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Whole-genome phylogenetics assigned wild-bird H5 AIV isolates from East China to clades 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.4 across subtypes H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8. | 42450817 |
| 2026-07-07 | Zoonotic Surveillance Virus Isolation | H5 avian influenza viruses (including H5N1, H5N6, and H5N8) were isolated from wild birds in East China during 2013–2022. | 42450817 |
| 2026-07-06 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Bovine H5N1 (HPAI 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13) replicates efficiently in porcine mammary gland and respiratory tract cells. | 42405777 |
| 2026-07-03 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Owned and feral cats in the Philadelphia area show minimal evidence of routine exposure to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 but more common exposure to SARS-CoV-2. | 42427631 |
| 2026-07-03 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Among owned and feral cats in the greater Philadelphia area, 0.16% were seropositive for H5 antibodies confirmed by neutralization. | 42427631 |
| 2026-07-02 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Naturally infected cattle shed HPAIV H5N1 extensively in milk, indicating the bovine mammary gland as a site of viral replication relevant to circulation in dairy herds. | 42390302 |
| 2026-07-02 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Mammalian-origin H1N1 strains replicated in bovine mammary gland organoids with efficiency comparable to bovine H5N1. | 42390302 |
| 2026-07 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | In D1.1 genotype H5N1 viruses, the HA-Q226H substitution impairs binding to both sialic acid α2,3 and α2,6 receptors. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | In D1.1 genotype H5N1 viruses, the HA-E190D substitution marginally reduces affinity for sialic acid α2,3 receptors. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Tracheal aspirate sequencing from a 2024 human HPAI H5N1 case in British Columbia detected mixed HA-190D (28%) and HA-226H (35%) variant populations. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | In an in vitro human alveolar model, HPAI H5N1, H7N9, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV caused more severe impairment of alveolar fluid clearance than seasonal H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B viruses. | 42397692 |
| 2026-07 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Wild bird surveillance isolates H5N3 and H7N1 showed minimal replication in human bronchial tissues compared with pandemic H1N1 and HPAI H5N1 in the ex vivo model. | 42397692 |
| 2026-06-08 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | An outbreak of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype euBB in 2023 caused extensive mortality among black-headed gulls and spilled over into common terns in Germany. | 41984907 |
| 2026-06-08 | Genomic Evolution Recombination or Reassortment | The high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype euBB originated in France in 2022 through reassortment between a gull-adapted low-pathogenicity influenza virus and HPAIV H5N1. | 41984907 |
| 2026-06-08 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Phylogeographic analyses showed that high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype euBB underwent multiple independent incursions into Germany in 2023. | 41984907 |
| 2026-06-08 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Rising H5-seroprevalence was observed in common terns, indicating increased antibody-based immunity to HPAIV H5N1 genotype euBB. | 41984907 |
| 2026-06-08 | Transmission Evidence Cross-species Transmission | High pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype euBB spilled over from black-headed gulls into common terns during breeding colony outbreaks in Germany in 2023. | 41984907 |
| 2026-06 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b spilled over from wild birds to dairy cattle in the United States, affecting more than 1000 herds. | 41819722 |
| 2026-06 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | A quantitative model predicted potential spillover introductions of HPAIV H5N1 from wild birds to cattle in Denmark, with estimated rates below 0.35 cases per week. | 41819722 |
| 2026-05-26 | Functional Mechanism Molecular Adaptation | Cryo-EM structures of HPAI A(H5N1) hemagglutinin show that the Q226H mutation alters binding toward human-type α2-6-sialic acid receptors, indicating a molecular pathway for human adaptation. | 42244705 |
| 2026-05-26 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | The Q226H mutation in HPAI A(H5N1) hemagglutinin enables binding to human-type α2-6 sialic acid receptors, indicating altered receptor usage toward human receptor specificity. | 42244705 |
| 2026-05-26 | Functional Mechanism Molecular Adaptation | A human case in British Columbia was infected with a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus of avian origin, indicating zoonotic spillover. | 42244705 |
| 2026-05-24 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | High-dose intramammary inoculation of influenza A(H5N1) caused severe disease and mortality in experimentally infected dairy cows. | 42177170 |
| 2026-05-15 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | In ferret infections, the BC/24 influenza A(H5N1) virus bearing the HA-190D substitution was attenuated and failed to spread systemically, whereas the BC/24 HA-190E variant disseminated systemically. | 42141159 |
| 2026-05-15 | Functional Mechanism Molecular Adaptation | HA-E190D substitution in A/British Columbia/PHL-2032/2024 (BC/24) H5N1 influenza virus reduced receptor binding affinity and viral fitness compared with the HA-190E variant in vitro and in ferrets. | 42141159 |
| 2026-05-15 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Independent introductions of HPAI (H5N1) onto British Columbia poultry farms occurred via spillover from the external environment during the 2022 outbreak. | 42136541 |
| 2026-05-15 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | The HA-E190D substitution in A/British Columbia/PHL-2032/2024 (BC/24) influenza virus retained α2,3-linked sialic acid receptor binding specificity but reduced binding affinity. | 42141159 |
| 2026-05-15 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Wild aquatic birds are recognized as reservoir hosts maintaining avian influenza viruses including HPAI (H5N1). | 42136541 |
| 2026-05-15 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | A clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A(H5N1) virus bearing the HA-E190D substitution was detected in an infected human. | 42141159 |
| 2026-05 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Ten domestic cats from affected premises tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 subtype. | 41703951 |
| 2026-05 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Nine peridomestic birds from affected premises tested positive for the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 subtype. | 41703951 |
| 2026-05 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | An outbreak investigation in March–April 2024 examined a morbidity event in dairy cows in the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico, during which milk samples tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1. | 41703951 |
| 2026-05 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Recombinant H5 antigen was detected by ELISA in wild boar sera from Spanish areas overlapping with H5N1 HPAI outbreaks, although H5N1 HI assays were negative. | 41668256 |
| 2026-05 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Feces, serum, and whole blood from affected cows tested negative for H5N1 HPAIV. | 41703951 |
| 2026-05 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | The United States Department of Agriculture confirmed HPAIV in unpasteurized milk from dairy cows in the region. | 41703951 |
Synthesizing linked evidence and source literature...
Generating an evidence-grounded brief with GPT-5... AI-assisted synthesis grounded in linked OVE records and source literature. Verify details against the cited evidence.
10 source articles
6 hosts
4 countries
| Publication date | Category / type | Key finding | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-10 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | H5TX Q226L binds human-type receptors but requires additional mutations to bind human tracheal tissue in tissue-based assays. | 42573239 |
| 2026-08-03 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | During the 2023 HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Chubut, Argentina, 3 South American sea lions and 1 southern elephant seal stranded and were investigated, with HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b confirmed by PCR and sequencing. | 42548173 |
| 2026-08 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Recent sequence analysis shows high variation at PA/PA-X site 94 in H5N1 and H7N9, with the PA-X I94V mutation becoming prevalent in recent human H7N9 viruses. | 42090884 |
| 2026-08 | Functional Mechanism Molecular Adaptation | Patient-derived H5N1 HA mutations E190D and Q226H abolish receptor binding and thus hinder molecular adaptation toward human-type receptor specificity. | 42139887 |
| 2026-07-28 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | Neutralizing antibodies to H5N1 were detected in 3 of 12 domestic cats sampled within 2 km of dairy farms in California, USA. | 42520787 |
| 2026-07-28 | Zoonotic Surveillance Reservoir Ecology | Among domestic cats in California, proximity to dairy farms was a significant ecological risk factor associated with H5N1 seropositivity. | 42520787 |
| 2026-07-26 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | Emerging H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b binds human MHC-II HLA-DR and can mediate sialic acid–independent cell entry, unlike historical H5 lineages. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-26 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin binds human MHC-II (HLA-DR) and enables sialic acid–independent entry, with binding to primary human immune cells varying by MHC-II expression and HLA-DR allele. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-26 | Transmission Evidence Outbreak Investigation | HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b is reported as causing a multi-species outbreak affecting wild birds, poultry, multiple mammalian species, and humans. | 42539232 |
| 2026-07-21 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | HPAI H5N1 viral RNA was detected in organ samples from domestic and wild birds in Romania (2017–2024) using real-time RT-PCR, with subsequent sequencing of PB1 and PB2 fragments. | 42515095 |
| 2026-07-21 | Genomic Evolution Phylogenetic Evolution | Romanian H5N1 isolates cluster within Eurasian H5N1 lineages and are closely related to contemporary strains from Eastern Europe and Russia. | 42515095 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Intramammary exposure to bovine-derived H5N1 causes productive infection in lactating sows despite prior vaccination. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | Intramammary inoculation with influenza A(H5N1) in lactating sows caused mammary lesions and antigen-positive tissue with sustained viral RNA in milk but no overt clinical disease or respiratory involvement. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Viral RNA from influenza A(H5N1) was detected and shed persistently in the milk of intramammarily inoculated lactating sows. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Zoonotic Surveillance Serological Evidence | In experimentally inoculated lactating sows, neutralizing antibody responses against influenza A(H5N1) developed, indicating immune exposure. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07-18 | Experimental Infection Experimental Transmission | Piglets co-housed with intramammary-inoculated lactating sows showed sporadic oral viral RNA positivity that mirrored milk viral kinetics, indicating limited vertical transmission to piglets. | 42523357 |
| 2026-07 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | In D1.1 genotype H5N1 viruses, the HA-Q226H substitution impairs binding to both sialic acid α2,3 and α2,6 receptors. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Functional Mechanism Receptor Usage | In D1.1 genotype H5N1 viruses, the HA-E190D substitution marginally reduces affinity for sialic acid α2,3 receptors. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Zoonotic Surveillance Viral Detection | Tracheal aspirate sequencing from a 2024 human HPAI H5N1 case in British Columbia detected mixed HA-190D (28%) and HA-226H (35%) variant populations. | 42498495 |
| 2026-07 | Experimental Infection Pathogenicity Experiment | In an in vitro human alveolar model, HPAI H5N1, H7N9, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV caused more severe impairment of alveolar fluid clearance than seasonal H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B viruses. | 42397692 |
| 2026-07 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | Wild bird surveillance isolates H5N3 and H7N1 showed minimal replication in human bronchial tissues compared with pandemic H1N1 and HPAI H5N1 in the ex vivo model. | 42397692 |
Synthesizing linked evidence and source literature...
Generating an evidence-grounded brief with GPT-5... AI-assisted synthesis grounded in linked OVE records and source literature. Verify details against the cited evidence.
1 source articles
0 hosts
0 countries
| Publication date | Category / type | Key finding | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-10 | Experimental Infection Host Range Experiment | H5TX Q226L binds human-type receptors but requires additional mutations to bind human tracheal tissue in tissue-based assays. | 42573239 |