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Influenza A(H5N1) Immune Response among Ferrets with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Immunity.

Valerie Le Sage Bailee D Werner Grace A Merrbach Sarah E Petnuch Aoife K O'Connell Holly C Simmons Kevin R McCarthy Douglas S Reed Louise H Moncla Disha Bhavsar Florian Krammer Nicholas A Crossland Anita K McElroy W Paul Duprex Seema S Lakdawala
PMID40023796 DOI10.3201/eid3103.241485 Year2025 Journal Emerging infectious diseases Emerg Infect Dis Languageeng Publication statusActive
Active Last checked 2026-10-01 03:31:09 Source: NCBI PubMed

Abstract

The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle herds across the United States in 2024 caused several human infections. Understanding the risk for spillover infections into humans is crucial for protecting public health. We investigated whether immunity from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) virus would provide protection from death and severe clinical disease among ferrets intranasally infected with H5N1 virus from dairy cows from the 2024 outbreak. We observed differential tissue tropism among pH1N1-immune ferrets. pH1N1-immune ferrets also had little H5N1 viral dissemination to organs outside the respiratory tract and much less H5N1 virus in nasal secretions and the respiratory tract than naive ferrets. In addition, ferrets with pH1N1 immunity produced antibodies that cross-reacted with H5N1 neuraminidase protein. Taken together, our results suggest that humans with immunity to human seasonal influenza viruses may experience milder disease from the 2024 influenza A(H5N1) virus strain.

A(H1N1)pdm09 2 dairy cow 0 ferret 8 H5N1 88 immunity 6 Influenza 63 pathogenesis 13 respiratory infections 31 viruses 120 Ferrets 79 Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype 77 Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype 308 Orthomyxoviridae Infections 235 Animals 1981 Antibodies, Viral 216 Cattle 129 Cross Reactions 22 Female 295 Humans 1455 Influenza, Human 290

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