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Influenza A(H5N1) Immune Response among Ferrets with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Immunity.

Valerie Le Sage Bailee D Werner Grace A Merrbach Sarah E Petnuch Aoife K O'Connell Holly C Simmons Kevin R McCarthy Douglas S Reed Louise H Moncla Disha Bhavsar Florian Krammer Nicholas A Crossland Anita K McElroy W Paul Duprex Seema S Lakdawala
PMID40023796 DOI10.3201/eid3103.241485 Year2025 Journal Emerging infectious diseases Emerg Infect Dis Languageeng Statusppublish

Abstract

The emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle herds across the United States in 2024 caused several human infections. Understanding the risk for spillover infections into humans is crucial for protecting public health. We investigated whether immunity from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1) virus would provide protection from death and severe clinical disease among ferrets intranasally infected with H5N1 virus from dairy cows from the 2024 outbreak. We observed differential tissue tropism among pH1N1-immune ferrets. pH1N1-immune ferrets also had little H5N1 viral dissemination to organs outside the respiratory tract and much less H5N1 virus in nasal secretions and the respiratory tract than naive ferrets. In addition, ferrets with pH1N1 immunity produced antibodies that cross-reacted with H5N1 neuraminidase protein. Taken together, our results suggest that humans with immunity to human seasonal influenza viruses may experience milder disease from the 2024 influenza A(H5N1) virus strain.

A(H1N1)pdm09 2 dairy cow 0 ferret 8 H5N1 82 immunity 6 Influenza 61 pathogenesis 12 respiratory infections 30 viruses 117 Ferrets 79 Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype 74 Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype 300 Orthomyxoviridae Infections 228 Animals 1948 Antibodies, Viral 212 Cattle 126 Cross Reactions 21 Female 289 Humans 1440 Influenza, Human 286

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