A novel genetically distinct Amdoparvovirus in Sorex araneus in the United Kingdom highlights an unexplored ancestral link.

Tiernan Briggs1 Dan Maskell2 Dan Henderson3 Courtney Graham3 Bill Mansfield4 David Jorge5 Audra-Lynne Schlachter5 Matthieu Bernard5 Rebecca Callaway5 Damian Osmond6 Joan Amaya-Cuesta6 Florian Pfaff7 Henry Ashpitel5 Graham Smith3 Yogesh Kumar Gupta2 Lorraine M McElhinney8,9 Mirjam Schilling2
Affiliations 9 institutions
  1. Genomics for Animal and Plant Health Disease Consortium, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Genomics for Animal and Plant Health Disease Consortium, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
  3. National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom.
  4. Waterlife Recovery Trust, The Courtyard, London Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 1AT, United Kingdom.
  5. Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
  6. Rabies and Viral Zoonoses Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
  7. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald Insel Riems, Germany.
  8. Rabies and Viral Zoonoses Workgroup, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
  9. Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Amdoparvoviruses have historically been documented almost exclusively in carnivorans, with a few recent detections in bats and rodents. However, endogenous viral elements in rodent genomes suggest a more ancient and taxonomically broader evolutionary history. Despite this, small mammals have never been systematically surveyed for extant amdoparvovirus infections. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to screen four different shrew species and wild American mink in the UK, which may act as a reservoir host for amdoparvoviruses. We identified a highly divergent amdoparvovirus in native common shrews (Sorex araneus) from northern England, named Shrew parvovirus 1(SP 1). Classical amdoparvovirus sequences were also detected in wild American mink (Neogale vison), confirming the presence of known amdoparvovirus strains in UK mustelids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the shrew virus, SP 1, forms a distinct clade, suggesting ancient divergence or long-term cryptic circulation in small mammal reservoirs. These findings provide evidence towards the hypothesis that small mammals may act as a reservoir for amdoparvoviruses and underscore the importance of systematic wildlife surveillance for understanding viral host range evolution and assessing spillover risks.

Supporting text Virus Host Location
Evolution 62 Mink 58 Parvoviridae 4 Parvovirinae 2 Reservoir 13 Shrews 16 Whole genome sequencing 40 Parvoviridae Infections 9 Shrews 15 Animals 1948 Disease Reservoirs 149 Evolution, Molecular 176 Genome, Viral 317 Host Specificity 132 Mink 48 Phylogeny 805 United Kingdom 8 Whole Genome Sequencing 32

Evidence records

4 total
Zoonotic Surveillance
3 records · 2 evidence types
Evidence type
2 records
OVE10988
Key finding

A highly divergent amdoparvovirus, Shrew parvovirus 1 (SP 1), was detected in common shrews (Sorex araneus) from northern England using whole genome sequencing.

Virus
Host
Location
Supporting text

We identified a highly divergent amdoparvovirus in native common shrews (Sorex araneus) from northern England, named Shrew parvovirus 1(SP 1).

Method
whole genome sequencing
Sample type
shrew tissue samples
Geographic raw
northern England
OVE10989
Key finding

Classical amdoparvovirus sequences were detected in wild American mink (Neogale vison) in the United Kingdom, confirming circulation of known amdoparvovirus strains in mustelids.

Virus
Host
Location
Supporting text

Classical amdoparvovirus sequences were also detected in wild American mink (Neogale vison), confirming the presence of known amdoparvovirus strains in UK mustelids.

Method
genomic sequencing
Sample type
wild mink samples
Geographic raw
United Kingdom
Country inferred
GBR
Evidence type
1 records
OVE10991
Key finding

Small mammals, including common shrews (Sorex araneus), may act as ecological reservoirs maintaining amdoparvoviruses in the United Kingdom.

Virus
Host
Location
Supporting text

These findings provide evidence towards the hypothesis that small mammals may act as a reservoir for amdoparvoviruses.

Method
whole genome sequencing | phylogenetic analysis
Sample type
whole genome sequencing | host tissue samples
Geographic raw
United Kingdom | northern England
Country inferred
GBR
Genomic Evolution
1 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type
1 records
OVE10990
Key finding

Phylogenetic analysis showed that Shrew parvovirus 1 forms a distinct clade, indicating ancient divergence or long-term cryptic circulation in Sorex araneus.

Virus
Host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

We identified a highly divergent amdoparvovirus in native common shrews (Sorex araneus) from northern England, named Shrew parvovirus 1(SP 1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the shrew virus, SP 1, forms a distinct clade, suggesting ancient divergence or long-term cryptic circulation in small mammal reservoirs.

Genes or proteins
whole genome
Analysis methods
phylogenetic analysis