Detection and characterization of a MERS-related coronavirus (Betacoronavirus cameli) in velvety free-tailed bats (Molossus molossus, Mammalia) captured in Southern Brazil.

Bat-borne coronaviruses are of increasing interest due to their potential for zoonotic spillover, particularly within the Betacoronavirus genus. Partial genomic sequences related to MERS-like CoV was identified in multiple hosts, including humans, camelids, and bats from the families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. In this study, we investigated the presence of coronaviruses in 65 Molossus molossus bats captured in southern Brazil using nested RT-PCR and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). One individual (1.5%) tested positive in a rectal swab, and sequence analysis revealed the presence of a MERS-related coronavirus (Betacoronavirus cameli). Phylogenetic reconstruction based on five genomic contigs clustered the virus within the Merbecovirus subgenus, confirming its close relationship to MERS-CoV strains previously detected in bats and dromedary camels. M. molossus is a widely distributed, insectivorous bat species with synanthropic behavior, commonly roosting in urban areas and human dwellings. The detection of a MERSr-CoV in this species in southern Brazil expands the known host range of these viruses and suggests that members of the Molossidae family may serve as reservoirs. These findings underscore the importance of continuous genomic surveillance in Neotropical bats, particularly in the context of environmental changes that intensify contact between wildlife, humans, and domestic animals.