Novel, potentially zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum.

Kate S Baker¹ Shawn Todd Glenn A Marsh Gary Crameri Jennifer Barr Alexandra O Kamins Alison J Peel Meng Yu David T S Hayman Behzad Nadjm George Mtove Benjamin Amos Hugh Reyburn Edward Nyarko Richard Suu-Ire Pablo R Murcia Andrew A Cunningham James L N Wood Lin-Fa Wang

Affiliations 1 institutions

Disease Dynamics Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. [email protected]

PMID23152534 DOI10.1128/JVI.01202-12 Year2013 Journal Journal of virology J Virol Languageeng Statusppublish

Abstract

Bats carry a variety of paramyxoviruses that impact human and domestic animal health when spillover occurs. Recent studies have shown a great diversity of paramyxoviruses in an urban-roosting population of straw-colored fruit bats in Ghana. Here, we investigate this further through virus isolation and describe two novel rubulaviruses: Achimota virus 1 (AchPV1) and Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2). The viruses form a phylogenetic cluster with each other and other bat-derived rubulaviruses, such as Tuhoko viruses, Menangle virus, and Tioman virus. We developed AchPV1- and AchPV2-specific serological assays and found evidence of infection with both viruses in Eidolon helvum across sub-Saharan Africa and on islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Longitudinal sampling of E. helvum indicates virus persistence within fruit bat populations and suggests spread of AchPVs via horizontal transmission. We also detected possible serological evidence of human infection with AchPV2 in Ghana and Tanzania. It is likely that clinically significant zoonotic spillover of chiropteran paramyxoviruses could be missed throughout much of Africa where health surveillance and diagnostics are poor and comorbidities, such as infection with HIV or Plasmodium sp., are common.

Supporting text Virus Host Location

Adolescent 34 Adult 71 Africa 16 Animals 1948 Antibodies, Viral 212 Child 42 Child, Preschool 37 Chiroptera 371 Cluster Analysis 31 Female 289 Humans 1440 Infant 26 Male 224 Molecular Sequence Data 160 Phylogeny 805 RNA, Viral 193 Rubulavirus 2 Rubulavirus Infections 3 Sequence Analysis, DNA 113 Seroepidemiologic Studies 113 Zoonoses 397

Evidence records

7 total

Zoonotic Surveillance

6 records · 3 evidence types

Evidence type Virus Isolation

2 records

OVE1320 Virus Isolation

Key finding

Achimota virus 1 (AchPV1) was isolated from Eidolon helvum bats in Ghana.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Recent studies have shown a great diversity of paramyxoviruses in an urban-roosting population of straw-colored fruit bats in Ghana. Here, we investigate this further through virus isolation and describe two novel rubulaviruses: Achimota virus 1 (AchPV1) and Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2).

OVE1321 Virus Isolation

Key finding

Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2) was isolated from Eidolon helvum bats in Ghana.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Evidence type Serological Evidence

3 records

OVE1323 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Serological assays detected antibodies to Achimota virus 1 (AchPV1) in Eidolon helvum bats across sub-Saharan Africa and Gulf of Guinea islands.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

We developed AchPV1- and AchPV2-specific serological assays and found evidence of infection with both viruses in Eidolon helvum across sub-Saharan Africa and on islands in the Gulf of Guinea.

Method: AchPV1-specific serological assay
Sample type: serum (bat)

OVE1324 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Serological assays detected antibodies to Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2) in Eidolon helvum bats across sub-Saharan Africa and Gulf of Guinea islands.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

We developed AchPV1- and AchPV2-specific serological assays and found evidence of infection with both viruses in Eidolon helvum across sub-Saharan Africa and on islands in the Gulf of Guinea.

Method: AchPV2-specific serological assay
Sample type: serum (bat)

OVE1325 Serological Evidence

Key finding

Possible serological evidence of human exposure to Achimota virus 2 (AchPV2) was detected in Ghana and Tanzania.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

We also detected possible serological evidence of human infection with AchPV2 in Ghana and Tanzania.

Method: AchPV2-specific serological assay
Sample type: serum

Evidence type Reservoir Ecology

1 records

OVE1326 Reservoir Ecology

Key finding

Longitudinal sampling showed that Achimota viruses persist within Eidolon helvum fruit bat populations, consistent with maintenance and horizontal transmission within the host species.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Longitudinal sampling of E. helvum indicates virus persistence within fruit bat populations and suggests spread of AchPVs via horizontal transmission.

Method: longitudinal sampling

Genomic Evolution

1 records · 1 evidence types

Evidence type Phylogenetic Evolution

1 records

OVE1322 Phylogenetic Evolution

Key finding

Achimota virus 1 and Achimota virus 2 cluster phylogenetically with each other and with other bat-derived rubulaviruses including Tuhoko viruses, Menangle virus, and Tioman virus.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

The viruses form a phylogenetic cluster with each other and other bat-derived rubulaviruses, such as Tuhoko viruses, Menangle virus, and Tioman virus.

Analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis

References

39 references

Reference network

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106 nodes · 129 links

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