Phylogeny and origins of hantaviruses harbored by bats, insectivores, and rodents.

Wen-Ping Guo¹ Xian-Dan Lin Wen Wang Jun-Hua Tian Mei-Li Cong Hai-Lin Zhang Miao-Ruo Wang Run-Hong Zhou Jian-Bo Wang Ming-Hui Li Jianguo Xu Edward C Holmes Yong-Zhen Zhang

Affiliations 1 institutions

State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.

PMID23408889 DOI10.1371/journal.ppat.1003159 Year2013 Journal PLoS pathogens PLoS Pathog Languageeng Statusppublish

Abstract

Hantaviruses are among the most important zoonotic pathogens of humans and the subject of heightened global attention. Despite the importance of hantaviruses for public health, there is no consensus on their evolutionary history and especially the frequency of virus-host co-divergence versus cross-species virus transmission. Documenting the extent of hantavirus biodiversity, and particularly their range of mammalian hosts, is critical to resolving this issue. Here, we describe four novel hantaviruses (Huangpi virus, Lianghe virus, Longquan virus, and Yakeshi virus) sampled from bats and shrews in China, and which are distinct from other known hantaviruses. Huangpi virus was found in Pipistrellus abramus, Lianghe virus in Anourosorex squamipes, Longquan virus in Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus sinicus, and Rhinolophus monoceros, and Yakeshi virus in Sorex isodon, respectively. A phylogenetic analysis of the available diversity of hantaviruses reveals the existence of four phylogroups that infect a range of mammalian hosts, as well as the occurrence of ancient reassortment events between the phylogroups. Notably, the phylogenetic histories of the viruses are not always congruent with those of their hosts, suggesting that cross-species transmission has played a major role during hantavirus evolution and at all taxonomic levels, although we also noted some evidence for virus-host co-divergence. Our phylogenetic analysis also suggests that hantaviruses might have first appeared in Chiroptera (bats) or Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), before emerging in rodent species. Overall, these data indicate that bats are likely to be important natural reservoir hosts of hantaviruses.

Supporting text Virus Host Location

Animals 1948 Biological Evolution 28 China 229 Chiroptera 371 Disease Reservoirs 149 Eulipotyphla 2 Geography 19 Hantavirus Infections 16 Humans 1440 Orthohantavirus 18 Phylogeny 805 RNA, Viral 193 Rodentia 51 Sequence Analysis, DNA 113 Shrews 15

Evidence records

8 total

Zoonotic Surveillance

5 records · 2 evidence types

Evidence type Viral Detection

4 records

OVE1361 Viral Detection

Key finding

Huangpi virus was detected in Pipistrellus abramus in China.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Here, we describe four novel hantaviruses (Huangpi virus, Lianghe virus, Longquan virus, and Yakeshi virus) sampled from bats and shrews in China, and which are distinct from other known hantaviruses. Huangpi virus was found in Pipistrellus abramus, Lianghe virus in Anourosorex squamipes, Longquan virus in Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus sinicus, and Rhinolophus monoceros, and Yakeshi virus in Sorex isodon, respectively.

Method: viral RNA detection | sequence analysis | phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: China
Country inferred: CHN

OVE1362 Viral Detection

Key finding

Lianghe virus was detected in Anourosorex squamipes in China.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: viral RNA detection | sequence analysis | phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: China
Country inferred: CHN

OVE1363 Viral Detection

Key finding

Longquan virus was detected in Rhinolophus affinis, Rhinolophus sinicus, and Rhinolophus monoceros in China.

Virus

Host

intermediate horseshoe bat Rhinolophus affinis Natural host

Chinese rufous horseshoe bat Rhinolophus sinicus Natural host

Rhinolophus monoceros Natural host

Location

Supporting text

Method: viral RNA detection | sequence analysis | phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: China
Country inferred: CHN

OVE1364 Viral Detection

Key finding

Yakeshi virus was detected in Sorex isodon in China.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Method: viral RNA detection | sequence analysis | phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: China
Country inferred: CHN

Evidence type Reservoir Ecology

1 records

OVE1368 Reservoir Ecology

Key finding

Bats are likely important natural reservoir hosts maintaining hantaviruses in wildlife populations.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Overall, these data indicate that bats are likely to be important natural reservoir hosts of hantaviruses.

Method: phylogenetic analysis

Genomic Evolution

3 records · 1 evidence types

Evidence type Phylogenetic Evolution

3 records

OVE1365 Phylogenetic Evolution

Key finding

Phylogenetic analysis revealed four phylogroups of hantaviruses infecting a range of mammalian hosts, with evidence of ancient reassortment among them.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

A phylogenetic analysis of the available diversity of hantaviruses reveals the existence of four phylogroups that infect a range of mammalian hosts, as well as the occurrence of ancient reassortment events between the phylogroups.

Analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis

OVE1366 Phylogenetic Evolution

Key finding

Phylogenetic reconstruction suggests hantaviruses originated in Chiroptera or Soricomorpha before emerging in rodents.

Virus

Host

bats Chiroptera Natural host

insectivores Eulipotyphla Natural host

rodents Rodentia Natural host

Location

Supporting text

Our phylogenetic analysis also suggests that hantaviruses might have first appeared in Chiroptera (bats) or Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), before emerging in rodent species.

Analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis

OVE1367 Phylogenetic Evolution

Key finding

Phylogenetic analyses indicate hantaviruses have undergone cross-species transmission among bats, shrews, and rodents.

Virus

Host

bats Chiroptera Natural host

shrews Soricidae Natural host

rodents Rodentia Natural host

Location

Supporting text

Notably, the phylogenetic histories of the viruses are not always congruent with those of their hosts, suggesting that cross-species transmission has played a major role during hantavirus evolution and at all taxonomic levels. Our phylogenetic analysis also suggests that hantaviruses might have first appeared in Chiroptera (bats) or Soricomorpha (moles and shrews), before emerging in rodent species.

Analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis | genomic sequencing

References

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