Literature detail

Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1, United States.

Porntippa Lekcharoensuk¹ Kelly M Lager Ramesh Vemulapalli Mary Woodruff Amy L Vincent Jürgen A Richt

Affiliations 1 institutions

Virus and Prion Disease of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture/ARS, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

PMID 16704839 2006 Emerg Infect Dis eng ppublish

Article

Publication summary

Influenza A virus infects various animal species and transmits among different hosts, especially between humans and swine. Swine may serve as a mixing vessel to create new reassortants that could infect humans. Thus, monitoring and characterizing influenza viruses in swine are important in preventing interspecies transmission. We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs. The H3N1 SIVs were antigenically related to the turkey virus. Lung lesions and nasal shedding occurred in swine infected with the H3N1 SIVs, suggesting the potential to transmit among swine and to humans. Further surveillance will help determine whether this novel subtype will continue to circulate in swine populations.

Amino Acid Sequence Animals Disease Reservoirs Disease Transmission, Infectious DNA, Viral Humans Indiana Influenza A virus Michigan Molecular Sequence Data Orthomyxoviridae Infections Phylogeny Sequence Alignment Species Specificity Swine Swine Diseases Zoonoses

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

4 total

Cross Species Transmission 1 records

Cross Species Transmission Extraction confidence 0.80

Key finding

The novel H3N1 swine influenza virus obtained its hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey strain, showing avian-to-swine genetic transmission.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs.

Method: phylogenetic analysis; sequence analysis
Study design: phylogenetic analysis
Transmission direction: animal-to-animal
Geographic raw: United States
Country inferred: United States

Genomic Evolution 1 records

Genomic Evolution Extraction confidence 0.90

Key finding

Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the novel H3N1 swine influenza virus is a reassortant possessing HA from a turkey H3N2 virus, NA from a human H1N1 virus, and internal genes from swine influenza viruses.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Genes or proteins: hemagglutinin; neuraminidase
Analysis methods: phylogenetic analysis

Recombination Or Reassortment 1 records

Recombination Or Reassortment Extraction confidence 0.95

Key finding

The novel H3N1 swine influenza virus is a reassortant combining genes from turkey H3N2, human H1N1, and swine influenza viruses.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Event type: reassortment
Genes or segments: hemagglutinin; neuraminidase

Zoonotic Surveillance 1 records

Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.90

Key finding

A novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus was detected and characterized from swine in the United States as part of influenza surveillance efforts.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States. ... Thus, monitoring and characterizing influenza viruses in swine are important in preventing interspecies transmission.

Method: virus characterization; phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: United States
Country inferred: United States

Citation context

References

42 references

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Evidence overview

Evidence 4

Types 4

Virus 4

Host 2

Evidence types

Cross Species Transmission 1 Genomic Evolution 1 Recombination Or Reassortment 1 Zoonotic Surveillance 1

Linked entities

Viruses

Hosts

Locations

Publication metadata

Journal: Emerging infectious diseases
Volume / Issue / Pages: 12 / 5 / 787-94
ISSN: 1080-6040
Journal country: United States
DOI: 10.3201/eid1205.051060