Novel swine influenza virus subtype H3N1, United States.

Porntippa Lekcharoensuk¹ Kelly M Lager Ramesh Vemulapalli Mary Woodruff Amy L Vincent Jürgen A Richt

Affiliations 1 institutions

Virus and Prion Disease of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, US Department of Agriculture/ARS, 2300 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA.

PMID16704839 DOI10.3201/eid1205.051060 Year2006 Journal Emerging infectious diseases Emerg Infect Dis Languageeng Statusppublish

Abstract

Influenza A virus infects various animal species and transmits among different hosts, especially between humans and swine. Swine may serve as a mixing vessel to create new reassortants that could infect humans. Thus, monitoring and characterizing influenza viruses in swine are important in preventing interspecies transmission. We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs. The H3N1 SIVs were antigenically related to the turkey virus. Lung lesions and nasal shedding occurred in swine infected with the H3N1 SIVs, suggesting the potential to transmit among swine and to humans. Further surveillance will help determine whether this novel subtype will continue to circulate in swine populations.

Supporting text Virus Host Location

Amino Acid Sequence 128 Animals 1949 Disease Reservoirs 149 Disease Transmission, Infectious 22 DNA, Viral 39 Humans 1441 Indiana 1 Influenza A virus 186 Michigan 2 Molecular Sequence Data 160 Orthomyxoviridae Infections 228 Phylogeny 805 Sequence Alignment 51 Species Specificity 84 Swine 258 Swine Diseases 153 Zoonoses 397

Evidence records

3 total

Zoonotic Surveillance

1 records · 1 evidence types

Evidence type Viral Detection

1 records

OVE325 Viral Detection

Key finding

A novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus was detected and characterized in swine in the United States.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

We report the emergence and characterization of a novel H3N1 subtype of swine influenza virus (SIV) in the United States.

Method: characterization | phylogenetic analysis
Geographic raw: United States
Country inferred: USA

Experimental Infection

1 records · 1 evidence types

Evidence type Pathogenicity Experiment

1 records

OVE327 Pathogenicity Experiment

Key finding

Swine experimentally infected with H3N1 SIVs developed lung lesions and nasal viral shedding, demonstrating disease phenotype consistent with pathogenic infection.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Lung lesions and nasal shedding occurred in swine infected with the H3N1 SIVs, suggesting the potential to transmit among swine and to humans.

Method: experimental infection | pathological examination of lungs | virus detection in nasal samples
Experimental system: swine infection model

Genomic Evolution

1 records · 1 evidence types

Evidence type Recombination or Reassortment

1 records

OVE326 Recombination or Reassortment

Key finding

Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the novel H3N1 swine influenza viruses are reassortants containing the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and internal genes from circulating swine influenza viruses.

Virus

Host

Location

Supporting text

Phylogenetic analysis showed that the H3N1 SIVs may have acquired the hemagglutinin gene from an H3N2 turkey isolate, the neuraminidase gene from a human H1N1 isolate, and the remaining genes from currently circulating SIVs.

Event type: reassortment
Genes or segments: hemagglutinin gene | neuraminidase gene | remaining genes

References

42 references

Reference network

Force-directed citation graph. OmniVira-indexed references are prioritized and recursively expanded up to three steps.

43 nodes · 42 links

Drag nodes to explore citation neighborhoods


PMID 1579108	Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses	Webster	1992
PMID 6197808	Differential sensitivity of human, avian, and equine influenza A viruses to a glycoprotein inhibitor infection: selection of receptor specific variants	Roger	1983
PMID 6191220	Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity	Rogers	1983
PMID 8892928	Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China	Guan	1996
PMID 10982381	Isolation and characterization of H4N6 avian influenza viruses from pigs with pneumonia in Canada	Karasin	2000
PMID 8077918	Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs	Kida	1994
PMID 9696833	Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential	Ito	1998
PMID 7464906	Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution	Wilson	1981
PMID 10954551	Early alterations of the receptor-binding properties of H1, H2, and H3 avian influenza virus hemagglutinins after their introduction into mammals	Matrosovich	2000
PMID 9696865	The role of influenza A virus hemagglutinin residues 226 and 228 in receptor specificity and host range restriction	Vines	1998
PMID 12111430	Prevalence of swine influenza virus subtypes on swine farms in the United States	Choi	2002
PMID 19869924	Filtration experiments and etiology	Shope	1931
PMID 10930664	Genetic characterization of H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from pigs in North America, 1977–1999: evidence for wholly human and reassortant virus genotypes	Karasin	2000
PMID 10482643	Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs	Zhou	1999
PMID 15460317	Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and differentiation of North American swine influenza viruses	Richt	2004
PMID 10954521	Evolution of swine H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States	Webby	2000
PMID 10835031	Genetic characterization of an H1N2 influenza virus isolated from a pig in Indiana	Karasin	2000
PMID 11880444	Genetic characterization of H1N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs throughout the United States	Karasin	2002
PMID 15365042	Characterization of avian H3N3 and H1N1 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs in Canada	Karasin	2004
PMID 11879692	Detection and subtyping of swine influenza H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 viruses in clinical samples using two-multiplex RT-PCR assays	Choi	2002
PMID 11811679	Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses	Hoffmann	2001
PMID 15260895	MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment	Kumar	2004
PMID 15663853	H3N2 influenza virus transmission from swine to turkeys, United States	Choi	2004
PMID 12843064	Pathogenic and antigenic properties of phylogenetically distinct reassortant H3N2 swine influenza viruses cocirculating in the United States	Richt	2003
-	Advanced laboratory techniques for influenza diagnosis	Palmer	1975
PMID 9191863	Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of 22 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field strains based on sequence analysis of open reading frame 5	Andreyev	1997
PMID 8141501	Differentiation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M flocculare , and M hyorhinis on the basis of amplification of a 16S rRNA gene sequence	Stemke	1994
-	Molecular characterization of human influenza A viruses bearing swine-like hemagglutinin genes	Cooper	1999
PMID 14671105	Structural differences among hemagglutinins of influenza A virus subtypes are reflected in their antigenic architecture: analysis of H9 escape mutants	Kaverin	2004
PMID 10966468	Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: the influenza hemagglutinin	Skehel	2000
PMID 1415168	Interspecies transmission and reassortment of influenza A viruses in pigs and turkeys in the United States	Wright	1992
PMID 2990086	Disease in turkeys associated with H1N1 influenza virus following an outbreak of the disease in pigs	Andral	1985
PMID 2751570	An outbreak of influenza (H1N1) in turkey breeder hens	Ficken	1989
PMID 6298942	Swine influenza-like viruses in turkeys potential source of virus for humans? Science. 1983;220:206–8. 10.1126/science.6298942	Hinshaw	1983
PMID 11922322	Isolation from turkey breeder hens of a reassortant H1N2 influenza virus with swine, human, and avian lineage genes	Suarez	2002
PMID 14567672	New H1N2 and H3N1 influenza viruses in Taiwanese pig herds	Tsai	2003
PMID 10823895	Characterization of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus neuraminidase gene	Reid	2000
PMID 8774693	Evolutionary characterization of recent human H3N2 influenza A isolates from Japan and China: novel changes in the receptor binding domain	Lindstrom	1996
PMID 11551658	Glycosylation of haemagglutinin and stalk-length of neuraminidase combine to regulate the growth of avian influenza viruses in tissue culture	Baigent	2001
PMID 9601502	Postreassortment changes in influenza A virus hemagglutinin restoring HA-NA functional match	Kaverin	1998
PMID 11689658	Amino acids responsible for the absolute sialidase activity of the influenza A virus neuraminidase: relationship to growth in the duck intestine	Kobasa	2001
PMID 10799774	A review of avian influenza in different bird species	Alexandra DJ. A review of avian influenz	2000

Evidence overview

Evidence 3

Categories 3

Types 3

Virus 3

Host 1

Country 1

Host context

Natural host 1 Experimental system 1

Evidence categories

Linked entities

Viruses

Hosts

pig Sus scrofa

Locations

Publication metadata

Journal: Emerging infectious diseases
Volume / Issue / Pages: 12 / 5 / 787-94
ISSN: 1080-6040
Journal country: United States
DOI: 10.3201/eid1205.051060