OmniVira

Literature detail

Characterization of the haemagglutinin properties of the H5N1 avian influenza virus that caused human infections in Cambodia.

Pengxiang Chang1 Jiayun Yang1 Thusitha K Karunarathna1,2 Mehnaz Qureshi1,3 Jean-Remy Sadeyen1 Munir Iqbal1
Affiliations 3 institutions
  1. The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
  2. Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
  3. Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 3RF, UK.
PMID 37526446 2023 Emerg Microbes Infect eng ppublish
PubMed DOI Browse context

Article

Publication summary

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is a subtype of the influenza A virus primarily found in birds. The subtype emerged in China in 1996 and has spread globally, causing significant morbidity and mortality in birds and humans. In Cambodia, a lethal case was reported in February 2023 involving an 11-year-old girl, marking the first human HPAI H5N1 infection in the country since 2014. This research examined the zoonotic potential of the human H5N1 isolate, A/Cambodia/NPH230032/2023 (KHM/23), by assessing its receptor binding, fusion pH, HA thermal stability, and antigenicity. Results showed that KHM/23 exhibits similar receptor binding and antigenicity as the early clade 2.3.2.1c HPAI H5N1 strain, and it does not bind to human-like receptors. Despite showing limited zoonotic risk, the increased thermal stability and reduced pH of fusion in KHM/23 indicate a potential threat to poultry, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring.

antigenicity Cambodia fusion pH haemagglutinin thermal stability High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 poultry receptor binding zoonotic fatal Infections Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza in Birds Influenza, Human Animals Cambodia Child Female Hemagglutinins Humans

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

3 total
Molecular Adaptation 1 records
Molecular Adaptation Extraction confidence 0.90
Key finding

The H5N1 isolate from a human case in Cambodia showed increased HA thermal stability and decreased fusion pH but maintained avian-type receptor binding, indicating molecular adaptations relevant to poultry pathogenicity rather than human adaptation.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Not specified
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

This research examined the zoonotic potential of the human H5N1 isolate, A/Cambodia/NPH230032/2023 (KHM/23), by assessing its receptor binding, fusion pH, HA thermal stability, and antigenicity. Results showed that KHM/23 exhibits similar receptor binding and antigenicity as the early clade 2.3.2.1c HPAI H5N1 strain, and it does not bind to human-like receptors. Despite showing limited zoonotic risk, the increased thermal stability and reduced pH of fusion in KHM/23 indicate a potential threat to poultry.

Genes or proteins
HA
Receptors
human-like receptors
Mechanism types
receptor_binding; fusion_pH; thermal_stability; pathogenicity
Receptor Usage 1 records
Receptor Usage Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

The H5N1 strain A/Cambodia/NPH230032/2023 (KHM/23) binds avian-type but not human-like receptors, indicating limited human receptor compatibility.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Results showed that KHM/23 exhibits similar receptor binding and antigenicity as the early clade 2.3.2.1c HPAI H5N1 strain, and it does not bind to human-like receptors.

Method
receptor binding assay
Receptors
human-like receptors
Spillover Event 1 records
Spillover Event Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

An avian influenza A(H5N1) virus caused a fatal spillover infection in a human in Cambodia in 2023.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
Cambodia Cambodia
Supporting text

In Cambodia, a lethal case was reported in February 2023 involving an 11-year-old girl, marking the first human HPAI H5N1 infection in the country since 2014.

Study design
case report
Transmission direction
animal-to-human
Geographic raw
Cambodia
Country inferred
Cambodia