OmniVira

Spread of Canine Influenza A(H3N2) Virus, United States.

Ian E H Voorhees Amy L Glaser Kathy Toohey-Kurth Sandra Newbury Benjamin D Dalziel Edward J Dubovi Keith Poulsen Christian Leutenegger Katriina J E Willgert Laura Brisbane-Cohen Jill Richardson-Lopez Edward C Holmes Colin R Parrish
PMID28858604 DOI10.3201/eid2312.170246 Year2017 Journal Emerging infectious diseases Emerg Infect Dis Languageeng Statusppublish

Abstract

A canine influenza A(H3N2) virus emerged in the United States in February-March 2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in Asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avian-origin influenza virus around 2005 and continues to circulate. Sequence analysis suggests the US outbreak was initiated by a single introduction, in Chicago, of an H3N2 canine influenza virus circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015. Despite local control measures, the virus has continued circulating among dogs in and around Chicago and has spread to several other areas of the country, particularly Georgia and North Carolina, although these secondary outbreaks appear to have ended within a few months. Some genetic variation has accumulated among the US viruses, with the appearance of regional-temporal lineages. The potential for interspecies transmission and zoonotic events involving this newly emerged influenza A virus is currently unknown.

Supporting text Virus Host Location
canine influenza virus 1 Chicago 1 CIV 1 dog influenza 1 H3N2 7 Illinois 1 influenza 61 influenza virus 29 outbreak 13 South Korea 5 United States 56 viruses 117 zoonoses 477 Disease Outbreaks 170 Genome, Viral 317 Animals 1948 Chicago 1 Dog Diseases 65 Dogs 176 Georgia 2 High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing 39 Housing, Animal 5 Humans 1440 Incidence 17

Evidence records

3 total
Transmission Evidence
1 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type Outbreak Investigation
1 records
OVE2702 Outbreak Investigation
Key finding

An outbreak of canine influenza A(H3N2) virus occurred among dogs in the United States beginning in February–March 2015, starting in Chicago and spreading to several other states.

Virus
Influenza A virus H3N2
Host
dog Canis lupus familiaris Natural host
Location
United States
Supporting text

A canine influenza A(H3N2) virus emerged in the United States in February-March 2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. Sequence analysis suggests the US outbreak was initiated by a single introduction, in Chicago, of an H3N2 canine influenza virus circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015.

Method
sequence analysis | epidemiologic investigation
Transmission direction
same-species transmission
Geographic raw
United States (initially Chicago; spread to Georgia and North Carolina)
Outbreak time
February–March 2015
Outbreak scale
multiple regional outbreaks among dogs across the United States
Genomic Evolution
2 records · 1 evidence types
Evidence type Phylogenetic Evolution
2 records
OVE2703 Phylogenetic Evolution
Key finding

Phylogenetic analysis shows that the U.S. outbreak of H3N2 canine influenza virus originated from a single introduction of a strain circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015 and subsequently diverged into regional-temporal lineages among U.S. viruses.

Virus
Influenza A virus H3N2
Host
dog Canis lupus familiaris Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Sequence analysis suggests the US outbreak was initiated by a single introduction, in Chicago, of an H3N2 canine influenza virus circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015. Some genetic variation has accumulated among the US viruses, with the appearance of regional-temporal lineages.

Analysis methods
sequence analysis | phylogenetic analysis
OVE2704 Phylogenetic Evolution
Key finding

An avian-origin influenza virus was transferred to dogs around 2005, giving rise to the Canine influenza A(H3N2) virus circulating in Asia.

Virus
Influenza A virus H3N2
Host
birds Aves Natural host dog Canis lupus familiaris Natural host
Location
Asia
Supporting text

The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in Asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avian-origin influenza virus around 2005 and continues to circulate.

Analysis methods
sequence analysis