OmniVira

Detection of IgG antibody against the porcine norovirus GII.11 in human, domestic and wild animals.

Jiayi Xu1 Huisha Du1 Junxuan Yu1 Ruojun Wu1 Yu Zhang2 Qianxin Lu1 Xin Jiang1 Bingwen Zeng1 Tianhui Li1 Qing Chen1 Ying-Chun Dai1
Affiliations 2 institutions
  1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Art & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
PMID40641882 DOI10.3389/fmicb.2025.1567132 Year2025 Journal Frontiers in microbiology Front Microbiol Languageeng Publication statusActive
Active Last checked 2026-10-01 03:31:09 Source: NCBI PubMed

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases pose a critical threat to global public health, with noroviruses (NoVs) increasingly recognized for their potential to cross species barriers. Traditionally, NoVs were considered host-specific; however, recent evidence suggests the possibility of interspecies transmission. This study investigates the zoonotic potential of porcine NoV (PorNoV) genotype GII.11, which shares high genetic similarity with human NoVs (HuNoVs), by detecting GII.11-specific IgG antibodies in humans and various animals using a Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA). Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species. Bats exhibited the highest seropositivity and antibody levels [vs. humans (P = 0.0011) and pigs (P = 0.0164)], suggesting their potential role as reservoirs. These findings provide serological evidence for anthropozoonotic transmission, challenging the paradigm of strict host specificity in NoVs. Enhanced surveillance of PorNoV in animal reservoirs and high-risk human populations is needed to mitigate zoonotic spillover risks. Further research should aim to elucidate mechanisms of transmission and the clinical significance of cross-species NoVs exposure.

Supporting text Virus Host Location
anthropozoonosis 3 cross-species transmission 81 GII.11 norovirus 1 LISA 1 porcine norovirus 1

Evidence records

7 total
Zoonotic Surveillance
7 records · 2 evidence types
Evidence type Serological Evidence
6 records
OVE9530 Serological Evidence
Key finding

Bats exhibited the highest seroprevalence (65.1%) of GII.11 PorNoV-specific IgG antibodies, suggesting strong exposure and potential for maintenance of viral diversity.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
bats Chiroptera Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species. Bats exhibited the highest seropositivity and antibody levels [vs. humans (P = 0.0011) and pigs (P = 0.0164)], suggesting their potential role as reservoirs.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum
OVE9526 Serological Evidence
Key finding

IgG antibodies specific to porcine norovirus GII.11 were detected in humans with 15.2% seroprevalence, indicating prior exposure to the porcine virus.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
human Homo sapiens Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum
OVE9527 Serological Evidence
Key finding

Porcine norovirus GII.11-specific IgG antibodies were detected in pigs at 49.3% seroprevalence, showing widespread exposure among swine populations.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
pig Sus scrofa Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum
OVE9528 Serological Evidence
Key finding

Antibodies against porcine norovirus GII.11 were found in dogs with 30.6% seroprevalence, representing cross-species exposure beyond swine.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
dog Canis lupus familiaris Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum
OVE9532 Serological Evidence
Key finding

Serological detection of porcine norovirus GII.11 antibodies in pigs, dogs, wild rats, and bats indicates interspecies transmission of the porcine NoV GII.11 among non-human hosts.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
pig Sus scrofa Natural host dog Canis lupus familiaris Natural host mice Mus Natural host bats Chiroptera Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
OVE9529 Serological Evidence
Key finding

Wild rats showed 9.5% seroprevalence for GII.11 PorNoV-specific IgG antibodies, indicating limited exposure within rodent populations.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
mice Mus Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum
Evidence type Reservoir Ecology
1 records
OVE9531 Reservoir Ecology
Key finding

Bats showed the highest seropositivity and antibody levels for porcine norovirus GII.11, suggesting that bats may act as ecological reservoirs for this virus.

Virus
porcine norovirus
Host
bats Chiroptera Natural host
Location
Not specified
Supporting text

Seroprevalence was observed in humans (15.2%), pigs (49.3%), dogs (30.6%), wild rats (9.5%), and bats (65.1%), marking the first detection of GII.11 PorNoV antibodies in humans and non-swine species. Bats exhibited the highest seropositivity and antibody levels [vs. humans (P = 0.0011) and pigs (P = 0.0164)], suggesting their potential role as reservoirs.

Method
Luciferase Immunosorbent Assay (LISA)
Sample type
serum