OmniVira

Literature detail

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Domestic Dairy Cattle and Cats, United States, 2024.

Eric R Burrough Drew R Magstadt Barbara Petersen Simon J Timmermans Phillip C Gauger Jianqiang Zhang Chris Siepker Marta Mainenti Ganwu Li Alexis C Thompson Patrick J Gorden Paul J Plummer Rodger Main
PMID 38683888 2024 Emerg Infect Dis eng ppublish
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Article

Publication summary

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered the country in late 2021. Infected cattle experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake and rumination, and an abrupt drop in milk production, but fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-infected cows were transported. Although the US Food and Drug Administration has indicated the commercial milk supply remains safe, the detection of influenza virus in unpasteurized bovine milk is a concern because of potential cross-species transmission. Continued surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic production animals is needed to prevent cross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission.

avian influenza bovine influenza A cats clade 2.3.4.4b dairy cattle H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) HPAI influenza respiratory infections spillover United States viruses zoonoses Cat Diseases Cattle Diseases Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Orthomyxoviridae Infections

Structured evidence records

Evidence records

6 total
Outbreak Investigation 2 records
Outbreak Investigation Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses caused outbreaks in US dairy cattle with evidence of cow-to-cow transmission across multiple states.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
United States Kansas, Texas, Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio, United States
Supporting text

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle in Kansas and Texas, United States... Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-infected cows were transported.

Transmission direction
animal-to-animal
Geographic raw
Kansas, Texas, Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio
Country inferred
United States
Outbreak setting
farms
Outbreak time
2024
Outbreak Investigation Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

Domestic cats developed fatal H5N1 infection after consuming raw milk from infected dairy cows, consistent with cow-to-cat transmission.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
United States Kansas and Texas, United States
Supporting text

Fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows.

Transmission direction
animal-to-animal
Geographic raw
Kansas and Texas
Country inferred
United States
Outbreak time
2024
Zoonotic Surveillance 2 records
Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.85
Key finding

Influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus was detected and monitored in domestic dairy cattle and cats in the United States, demonstrating ongoing zoonotic surveillance of HPAI viruses in production animals.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Host
Bos taurus
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States... Continued surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic production animals is needed to prevent cross-species and mammal-to-mammal transmission.

Sample type
milk
Geographic raw
Kansas and Texas, United States
Country inferred
United States
Zoonotic Surveillance Extraction confidence 0.80
Key finding

Surveillance identified fatal H5N1 infection in domestic cats exposed to unpasteurized milk from infected cows in the United States.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

Fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows... Continued surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic production animals is needed.

Sample type
colostrum; milk
Geographic raw
Kansas and Texas, United States
Country inferred
United States
Cross Species Transmission 1 records
Cross Species Transmission Extraction confidence 0.90
Key finding

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was transmitted from infected dairy cattle to domestic cats consuming raw milk from those cows in the United States.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

Fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows, indicating cross-species transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus.

Study design
outbreak investigation
Transmission direction
animal-to-animal
Geographic raw
Kansas and Texas, United States
Country inferred
United States
Spillover Event 1 records
Spillover Event Extraction confidence 0.95
Key finding

Domestic cats became infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) after consuming raw milk from infected dairy cattle, indicating a cow-to-cat spillover event.

Virus
IAV H5N1
Location
United States United States
Supporting text

Fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows.

Study design
outbreak investigation
Transmission direction
unknown
Geographic raw
United States
Country inferred
United States